California introduced new e-bike laws in 2025 to improve safety and clarify regulations. These changes affect e-bike classifications, insurance, registration, and safety requirements. Riders must understand these updates to comply with the law and ensure safe riding.
Updated e-bike classifications
The new law, SB-1271, updates the classification system for e-bikes:
- Class 1: Pedal-assist only, with motor assistance up to 20 mph
- Class 2: Throttle-enabled, allowing motor-powered speeds up to 20 mph without pedaling
- Class 3: Pedal-assist only, with motor assistance up to 28 mph, and equipped with a speedometer
Under SB-1271, Class 1 and Class 3 e-bikes cannot have throttles. Only Class 2 bikes may have throttles.
Importantly, the motor power of e-bikes must not exceed 750 watts. E-bikes that can be modified to exceed these speed or power limits are no longer classified as e-bikes and may be subject to different regulations. For example, these bikes generally require registration and insurance for operation.
Helmet and safety regulations
Riders under 18 must wear helmets when operating any class of e-bike. Some local jurisdictions may have additional helmet requirements for all riders, regardless of age.
E-bikes must also have operable pedals. Modifying an e-bike by removing pedals or altering its speed capabilities beyond the defined classes is illegal.
Also, Class 3 bikes cannot use standard bike trails unless the path has this designation. This statute helps keep pedestrians and slower bikes safe.
Local governments may implement additional regulations, so riders should check for any local ordinances that may affect e-bike usage. Staying informed about these changes helps ensure compliance and promotes safety for all road users.
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